National Pollutant Inventory

Substances

Lead & compounds: Sources of emissions

Industry sources

Mining and metal manufacturing are the largest sources of lead emissions in Australia. Water supply, sewerage and draining surfaces, oil and gas extraction and electricity supply can also emit lead. Lead is also emitted as a result of coal mining, cement, lime, plaster and concrete product manufacture, ceramic product manufacturing, transport equipment manufacturing, iron and steel manufacturing, petroleum and coal product manufacturing. Other manufacturing industries where lead may be used include: beverages and malt, paper and paper products, glass and glass products, fabricated and structural metal products, motor vehicles and parts, wood products, ceramic products, food and beverage products, textile, yarn and woven fabrics.

Diffuse sources, and industry sources included in diffuse emissions data

Paved roads, windblown dust, burning fuels or wildfires, solid and liquid fuel combustion, lawn mowing and barbeques (from burning fuel) are all capable of causing emissions of lead.

Natural sources

Lead and compounds occurs naturally in the earth's crust in rocks and soil.

Transport sources

Lead emissions may be present from the vehicle exhaust of cars, aeroplanes, railway operations and from recreational and commercial shipping or boating.

Consumer products

Lead and compounds are used in a range of applications. Lead is used in the production of batteries, ammunition, metal products (solder and pipes) and devices to shield X-rays. Lead was present in petroleum, paints and ceramic products, caulking and pipe solder, however due to health concerns, it is now prohibited to include lead in these products.

Key

   Links to an another web site
   Opens a pop-up window

Factory. Credit: Michael Lindquist