National Pollutant Inventory

Substances

Oxides of Nitrogen: Overview

Description

Oxides of nitrogen are a mixture of gases that are composed of nitrogen and oxygen. Two of the most toxicologically significant compounds are nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Other gases belonging to this group are nitrogen monoxide (or nitrous oxide, N2O), and nitrogen pentoxide (NO5).

Nitrogen dioxide is produced for the manufacture of nitric acid. Most nitric acid is used in the manufacture of fertilisers, while some is used in the production of explosives for both military and mining uses.

Substance details

Substance name: Oxides of nitrogen

CASR number: N/A

Molecular formula: NO, NO2, N2O and N2O5

Synonyms: NO: nitric oxide, nitrogen oxide, nitrogen monoxide, mononitrogen monoxide

NO2: nitrogen dioxide

Physical properties

NO: sharp, sweet-smelling, colourless gas

Melting point: -163.6°C

Boiling point: -151.8°C

Relative Density: 1.04 (air = 1)

NO2: reddish-brown gas with irritating odour.

Melting point: -9.3°C

Boiling point: 21.15°C

Vapour Density: 1.58

Chemical properties

NO only burns when heated with hydrogen, and forms nitric acid (a strong acid) when dissolved in water.

NO2 is sparingly soluble in water to form nitrous acid (a weak acid).

Further information

The National Pollutant Inventory (NPI) holds data for all sources of Oxides of Nitrogen emissions in Australia.

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Factory. Credit: Michael Lindquist