Sulfuric acid: Health effects
Description
Sulfuric acid is a corrosive chemical and can severely burn the skin and eyes. It may cause third degree burns and blindness on contact. Exposure to sulfuric acid mist can irritate the eyes, nose, throat and lungs, and at higher levels can cause a buildup of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary oedema). Asthmatics are particularly sensitive to the pulmonary irritation. Repeated exposures may cause permanent damage to the lungs and teeth. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified 'occupational exposures to strong-inorganic-acid mists containing sulfuric acid' as carcinogenic to humans.
Entering the body
Sulfuric acid will enter the body if we breathe in contaminated air. While it is not absorbed through the skin, skin contact with strong concentrations may cause serious burns.
Exposure
Consumers are most likely to be exposed to sulfuric acid when using products containing the substance (e.g. some cleaning products, or car batteries). Workers in the industries that use or produce sulfuric acid are at risk of exposure. Consumers can also be exposed to sulfuric acid by exposure to air contaminated by sulfur dioxide emissions.
Health guidelines
Worksafe Australia:
The eight hour time weighted average (TWA) exposure limit is 1 mg/m3, with a short term exposure limit (STEL) of 3 mg/m3. Worksafe Australia reports this product causes severe burns.
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